機密，美軍駐華(中華民國)新進人員手冊—空戰背景；民國32-33年（主曆1943-4年），美國陸軍第十四航空隊司令部編寫

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2023年5月21日
讀畢需時 5 分鐘

已更新：2023年6月8日

RESTRICTED, An Orientation Booklet for United States Military Personnel in China, Background Of The War In The Air 1943-1944, Prepared by HEADQUARTERS OF THE FOURTEENTH UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCE

機密，美軍駐華(中華民國)新進人員手冊—空戰背景；民國32-33年（主曆1943-4年），美國陸軍第十四航空隊司令部編寫《Black Water Museum Collections | 黑水博物館館藏》

Preface

NEWLY arrived Fourteenth Air Force and other United. States personnel in China have been inadequately processed in the past owing to a lack of compactly presented facts as to past and present conditions in China. They have wanted perspectives and they have wanted plain facts about Japan's war in China, about their share in the fighting, and about the Chinese people.

To answer this demand a handful of newcomers have been shown and have had explained to them maps in various War Rooms. Only a few, however, have had even that much help.

This introductory booklet will help newcomers in China to acquire a background into which new experiences and observa- tions will fit and make sense. Events will move swiftly in China. Changes will occur, but they will grow out of the past and out of the present. The readers of this booklet need not start from scratch in getting an understanding of War in China.

In order to assist new personnel to look with understanding upon our Chinese allies, several important social and political trends within China have been mentioned historically and with the greatest possible impartiality. Because these issues are touched on at all, it is appropriate to address to incoming personnel a recent directive of the Commanding General of United States Forces China Theater.

On 30 January 1945, Lieutenant-General A. C. Wedemeyer issued the instructions below concerning support of United States Policy in China

前言

過去新近抵達中華民國的第十四航空大隊及其他美方人員未被妥適處理的主要原因是因為未被提供簡潔但詳實的關於中華民國今昔狀況的真相。他們想要的是可以切入的觀點、還有關於中華民國對日抗戰、以及他們在戰鬥中的責任和關於中華民國人民的基本資訊。

少數新來的人有被滿足此項需求，他們被帶到不同的作戰指揮室的地圖前面聽取說明；不過，只有少數的人曾得到那樣的協助。

這本介紹性的小冊子將有助於新來到中華民國的人獲得與其全新體驗與觀察相符而且言之有理的背景知識；事情將急遽發展，變化隨時會發生，不過他們會從過去和現在之中成長，這本小冊子的讀者毋需從零開始來瞭解關於中華民國的戰事。

為了協助新人們理解我們的中華民國盟友，我們從歷史及最大可能地公正的角度來談論中華民國國內幾個社會及政治趨勢；因為這些議題都有觸及到了，所以適合向新進人員傳達美軍中國戰區司令官的指示。

民國34年（主曆1945年），魏德邁（A. C. Wedemeyer）中將針對美國在中華民國的政策支援發佈了下列指示。

「以下戰區政策聲明將由目前在你指揮下的所有軍官，以及36小時之內來到此戰區報到接受你指揮的人員所閱讀。這項政策將向在你指揮下的所有士兵說明，同時也包括之後來到本戰區的所有人，在報到後36小時之內實施。」該政策聲明如下：

「美國軍隊在中國乃是為了貫徹美國的政策，而非制定或討論該政策。

美國已經確定如要有效支援其整體戰爭力量，則必須全心全意與國民政府的蔣中正委員長合作。

在中國戰區的軍官未經中國戰區美軍司令官特別授權，不會以任何方式對中國政黨、活動及個人提供協助、進行談判或合作。這包括討論假設性的美國資源對未經批准的政黨、活動與人員之援助或運用；同時也禁止中國戰區內美軍單位或個人提供當地協助或貸款或武器、彈藥及其它軍事物品或裝備贈送給此類團體、活動或個人。」

"The following statement of Theater policy will be read by all officers now present under your command, and by those coming into this Theater within 36 hours after reporting to your com- mand. The policy will be explained to all enlisted men now present under your command, and to those coming into this Theater, within 36 hours after reporting to your command. . . . "The statement of policy follows:

"The United States military forces are present in China to implement the policy of the United States, not to formulate or discuss that policy.

"The United States has determined that effective support of its overall war effort requires wholehearted cooperation with present Chinese National Government headed by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek(蔣中正).

'Officers in China Theater will not assist, negotiate or collaborate in any way with Chinese political parties, activities or persons not specifically authorized by the Commanding General, U. S. Forces, China Theater. This includes discussing hypothetical aid or employment of U. S. resources to assist any effort of an unapproved political party, activity or persons. This also forbids rendering local assistance or making loans or gifts of arms, ammunition or other military materiél or equipment to such groups, activities or persons by any individual or organization of the United States Forces in the China Theater," "

1. China Theater

United States Army Forces

THE Commanding General United States Army Forces China Theater is Lieutenant-General. A. C. Wedemeyer. The China Theater was formed in October 1944 in recognition of the unique problems and potentialities of America's strategic stake in continental Asia. General Wedemeyer brought to the China Theater unusual qualifications of leadership and military experience. At one time on duty as an Army officer in Tientsin, he possessed personal familiarity with the historical flow of events in China which placed China in its present position. In addition, he was thoroughly familiar with the most modern developments in European tactical and strategic theories of warfare. An inti- mate associate and adviser of General Marshall, General Wede- meyer has a conception of war in Asia which has been shaped by thorough understanding of the requirements of global warfare. Though not a pilot, General Wedemeyer foresaw, years ago, the tactical and strategic uses of air power and was associated in the theoretical development of America's doctrine of air warfare in its formative period and, more lately, in its period of application. Under the leadership of General Wedemeyer the China Theater becomes an area where air and ground components employed in combined operations will embrace the maximum effort of China and the United States.

General Wedemeyer is concurrently United States Chief of Staff to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. The organizations under General Wedemeyer's direction have the two-fold function of contributing to American strategic and tactical requirements in the Pacific Theater as a whole and of assisting the Government of China in applying its own maximum military potential in the war against Japan. The Chinese Combat Command (CCC) was established to furnish highly trained American staff cadres to Chinese ground combat organizations. They participated in

operations on every active ground front in China. The Chinese Training Command was formed to furnish Chinese military units and individuals up to date instruction in the employment of modern ground weapons. Graduates of CTC schools made known to their own organizations procedures and knowledge of equipment taught them in accord with American Army standards. The Services of Supply were established to allocate, store, and distribute American materials of war hauled into China. They helped Chinese military organizations to solve some of their most acute problems of logistics. The Fourteenth Air Force was but one part of the expanding war effort of the United States Army in China. It was, however, the largest and, tactically, the most far-ranging component. In a unique sense, all of China was the base of Fourteenth Air Force operations.