【改變歷史的飛行】第一枚原子彈任務：「伊諾拉·蓋伊」號領航員日誌（范柯克上尉親筆簽贈）

[The Flight That Changed History] First Atomic Bomb Mission: Navigator's Log of the "Enola Gay" (Inscribed by Capt. Van Kirk)

【改變歷史的飛行】第一枚原子彈任務：「伊諾拉·蓋伊」號領航員日誌（范柯克上尉親筆簽贈）《Black Water Museum Collections | 黑水博物館館藏》

基本資料 (Basic Information)

• 形式 (Format)： 歷史文件複製品海報（含框） | Historical Document Reproduction Poster (Framed)

• 原始任務日期 (Mission Date)： 民國34年（1945年）8月6日 | August 6, 1945

• 任務指揮官/機長 (Mission Commander/Pilot)： 保祿·提貝茨 上校 (Col. Paul Tibbets)

• 簽名者 (Signer)： 領航員 席奧多·J·「荷蘭人」·范柯克 上尉 (Capt. Theodore J. "Dutch" Van Kirk)

• 簽名日期 (Date of Signature)： 民國80年（1991年）9月28日 | September 28, 1991

• 受贈人 (Recipient)： 哈爾·麥考利夫 (Hal McAuliff)

• 發行資訊 (Publisher)： Buckeye Aviation Book Company, Reynoldsburg, Ohio

文物介紹 (Artifact Introduction)

本件藏品為民國34年（1945年）8月6日執行廣島原子彈轟炸任務的 B-29 轟炸機「伊諾拉·蓋伊」號（Enola Gay）領航員飛行日誌的高品質複製品。該機由 保祿·提貝茨（Paul Tibbets）上校擔任機長與指揮官。這份日誌並非戰後的回憶錄，而是完全依照飛行當時的狀態重現，未經任何添加、修正或更改，真實記錄了那次改變歷史的飛行數據。日誌上保留了當時手寫的潦草字跡與計算痕跡，海報右側並附有當時的飛行路徑圖。

海報下方有領航員范柯克上尉於民國80年（1991年）親筆書寫的藍色墨水贈言與簽名：「致哈爾·麥考利夫，第 97 轟炸大隊的同袍——從最初到最後。」（To Hal McAuliff, a Companion in the 97th Bomb Group - the first and last.）。這段題詞揭示了簽名者與受贈者之間，以及與指揮官提貝茨之間深厚的戰友情誼。

This artifact is a high-quality reproduction of the Navigator's Log from the B-29 bomber "Enola Gay," piloted by Col. Paul Tibbets during the historic atomic bombing mission on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The log is a faithful reproduction of the working document prepared by Navigator Capt. Van Kirk, containing original handwritten flight data without any additions, corrections, or alterations. It preserves the urgency of the moment, accompanied by a map of the flight path.

At the bottom is a handwritten inscription in blue ink by Capt. Van Kirk from 1991: "To Hal McAuliff, a Companion in the 97th Bomb Group - the first and last." This dedication highlights the deep camaraderie shared by the veterans and their connection to their commander, Paul Tibbets.

技術特點 (Technical Features)

根據海報上的詳細文字說明，本次任務的導航方法雖然基礎（Elementary），但極為精確，展示了二戰末期長程跨海轟炸的導航技術：

1. 時間與單位 (Time & Units)： 日誌內所有時間紀錄皆為 天寧島當地時間（比廣島時間快一小時），這解釋了為何日誌紀錄的投彈時間為 09:15（廣島時間為 08:15）。所有速度與距離數據均以海里（Knots/Nautical Miles）為單位。

2. 雷達導航 (Radar Navigation)： 在從天寧島（Tinian）飛往硫磺島（Iwo Jima）的航段中，領航員利用兩地之間一連串無人居住的小火山島鏈作為雷達校正點，確保了良好的航向控制。

3. 天文導航 (Celestial Sightings)： 在凌晨 4:45 之前的夜間飛行階段，領航員利用六分儀觀測 北極星 (Polaris) 獲取準確的緯度讀數，藉此確認了航線上的速度線（Speed Lines）。

4. 偏航與目視觀測 (Drift & Visual Readings)： 進入白晝後（硫磺島至日本航段），良好的天氣狀況允許領航員觀察海面波浪進行精確的偏航（Drift）讀數，並據此計算出準確的風速。此外，由於高空能見度極佳，機組人員在 75 英里外 就能目視確認日本海岸線，確保飛機準確進入由 保祿·提貝茨 指揮的轟炸航路點（IP）。

According to the detailed text on the poster, the navigation methods were elementary yet highly precise, showcasing late-WWII long-range navigation techniques:

1. Time & Units: All times are local Tinian time (one hour ahead of Hiroshima time), noting the bomb release at 09:15 (08:15 Hiroshima time). All figures are in nautical miles/knots.

2. Radar Navigation: The chain of uninhabited volcanic islands between Tinian and Iwo Jima provided excellent checkpoints for course control via radar.

3. Celestial Sightings: During darkness (until 4:45 a.m.), sightings of Polaris provided accurate latitude readings to verify speed lines.

4. Drift & Visual Readings: In daylight (Iwo Jima to Japan), accurate wind drift was calculated from sea surface readings. Exceptional visibility allowed visual confirmation of the Japanese coast from 75 miles away, ensuring the aircraft, commanded by Paul Tibbets, arrived precisely at the Initial Point (IP).

歷史背景 (Historical Background)

這份日誌是人類歷史上第一次原子彈實戰任務的原始數據見證。它記錄了「伊諾拉·蓋伊」號從凌晨 02:45 起飛，到 09:15（天寧島時間）投下代號「小男孩」的原子彈，最後於 14:58 返航著陸的全過程。

簽名題詞中提到的「第 97 轟炸大隊」（97th Bomb Group）具有特別的歷史意義。該大隊是 保祿·提貝茨 在歐洲戰場（北非與地中海戰區）最早指揮的 B-17 轟炸機部隊。正是在那裡，提貝茨發掘並磨合了他的主要機組成員，包括領航員范柯克與投彈手費雷比。後來，提貝茨受命籌組執行原子彈任務的第 509 混合大隊時，將這批最信任的戰友帶到了太平洋戰場。

這份送給 老戰友麥考利夫（Hal McAuliff） 的海報，不僅是一份飛行數據記錄，更是一份情感的見證。麥考利夫是范柯克與提貝茨在二戰初期服役於第 97 轟炸大隊時的同袍。這份贈言中的「From the first and last」不僅象徵著他們從二戰美軍「最初」的歐洲戰場轟炸任務開始結緣，也見證了這份情誼延續至戰爭「最後」的廣島任務回憶，突顯了他們在 保祿·提貝茨 的麾下，跨越整個二戰的深厚革命情感。

This log serves as the primary data record for the first atomic bombing mission in history. It chronicles the "Enola Gay's" journey from takeoff at 02:45, through the release of "Little Boy" at 09:15 (Tinian time), to the final landing at 14:58.

The "97th Bomb Group" mentioned in the inscription provides crucial context. This was the B-17 unit commanded by Paul Tibbets in the European Theater. It was there that Tibbets identified his core crew, including Navigator Van Kirk. Paul Tibbets later brought these trusted men to the Pacific's 509th Composite Group for the atomic mission. This poster, inscribed to Hal McAuliff, testifies to a bond formed under Tibbets' command. McAuliff was a comrade from the 97th Bomb Group in the European Theater. The phrase "the first and last" symbolizes their shared journey from the "first" days of the war in Europe to the "last" days in the Pacific, connected by this historic record.

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附錄：海報文字內容 (Appendix: Text Transcript)

原始英文 (Original Text from Poster):

"On August 6, 1945 the B-29 bomber “Enola Gay” dropped the world’s first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. This is a reproduction of the Navigator’s Log of that historic flight. It is exactly as prepared during the flight; there have been no additions, corrections or alterations of any kind. All times noted in the log are local Tinian time (one hour ahead of Hiroshima time), and all speed and distance figures are in nautical miles (knots). The accompanying map outlines the flight path of the Enola Gay.

Keep in mind the log was a working document and not prepared with the view that it would go down in history. The purpose of the log was to record flight data used by the navigator to keep the airplane on course and on time, and also, to allow the navigator to determine aircraft location in a short time in the event of problems with the plane or bomb.

The method of navigation was elementary. The line of small uninhabited volcanic islands between Tinian and Iwo Jima permitted good course control via radar. During darkness (until about 4:45 a.m.) celestial sightings on the star Polaris gave latitude readings and therefore good speed lines on the course we were flying. During daylight, between Iwo Jima and Japan, good weather permitted accurate drift readings and from them accurate wind calculations. Also visibility was outstanding allowing visual sightings of the Japanese coast line about 75 miles away at our high altitude."

中文翻譯 (Translation):

「民國34年（1945年）8月6日，B-29 轟炸機『伊諾拉·蓋伊』號在日本廣島投下了世界上第一枚原子彈。這是該次歷史性飛行的領航員日誌複製品。它完全保持了飛行期間準備的原貌；沒有任何形式的添加、修正或更改。日誌中記錄的所有時間均為天寧島當地時間（比廣島時間快一小時），所有速度和距離數據均以海里（節）為單位。附帶的地圖勾勒出了『伊諾拉·蓋伊』號的飛行路徑。

請記住，這份日誌是一份工作文件，在準備時並未考慮到它會載入史冊。日誌的目的是記錄領航員所使用的飛行數據，以保持飛機在正確的航向和時間上，並且讓領航員能在飛機或炸彈出現問題時，於短時間內確定飛機的位置。

導航的方法很基礎。天寧島和硫磺島之間的一連串無人居住的小火山島，允許透過雷達進行良好的航向控制。在黑暗中（直到凌晨 4:45 左右），對北極星的天文觀測提供了緯度讀數，從而確認了我們飛行航線上的良好速度線。在白天，位於硫磺島和日本之間，良好的天氣允許進行精確的偏航讀數，並據此進行準確的風速計算。此外，能見度極佳，允許我們在高空於大約 75 英里外就能目視看到日本海岸線。」

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