民國33年，中型戰車裝備學員講義，美國陸軍裝甲兵學校戰車處《Black Water Museum Collections | 黑水博物館館藏》
- 2023年9月17日
- 讀畢需時 31 分鐘
已更新：5天前
MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATIONS 1944, The ARMORED SCHOOL TANK DEPARTMENT FORT KNOX KENTUCKY
民國33年，中型戰車裝備學員講義，美國陸軍裝甲兵學校戰車處《Black Water Museum Collections | 黑水博物館館藏》
1. 基本資料
文物名稱： 民國33年 美國陸軍裝甲兵學校《中型戰車裝備》學員講義
英文名稱： MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATIONS 1944
發行日期： 民國33年(1944)
文物作者： 美國陸軍裝甲兵學校戰車處（The ARMORED SCHOOL TANK DEPARTMENT）
發行地點： 美國肯塔基州諾克斯堡（FORT KNOX, KENTUCKY）
文物形式： 紙本裝訂軍事訓練講義（草綠色紙質封面，內含圖解與操作規範）
館藏單位： 黑水博物館（Black Water Museum）
2. 內容說明
本館藏為第二次世界大戰期間，美國陸軍裝甲兵學校為培訓戰車組員所編印的內部講義。從文物外觀而言，講義採用草綠色紙質封面，中央醒目地印有經典的美國裝甲兵部隊三角形隊徽（Armored Force Insignia）。
根據史料考證，此三角形隊徽之設計具有深厚的象徵意義：
設計起源： 最初的三角形設計源於民國7年(1918)第一次世界大戰時期的戰車軍團（Tank Corps）。民國29年(1940)，美國陸軍將源自「第7機械化騎兵旅」的疊加圖案加入其中，形成了今日所見的樣式。
顏色象徵： 隊徽中的三種顏色代表裝甲兵的三大核心組成兵種——藍色（步兵）、紅色（砲兵）與黃色（騎兵），象徵這三股力量的聯合作戰。
圖騰意涵： 徽章內部的戰車履帶代表「機動力」與「裝甲防護」；火砲代表「火力」；閃電符號則象徵裝甲兵特有的「衝擊效果（Shock Effect）」。這三項特性共同構成了裝甲兵強大的突擊力。
在文字內容方面，講義開篇的「前言（PREFACE）」首先詳細釐清了 M4 家族繁多的衍生型號與美國陸軍裝備命名原則：指出 M4、M4A1、M4A2、M4A3、M4A4、M4A6 與 M4E6 等戰車皆具備相同的總體外觀與構造，其編號字母各自蘊含特定意義——「M」代表型號（Model）；「A」代表改裝衍生型（Alteration）；「E」則代表實驗性質（Experimental）。講義亦說明 M4 系列尚有其他處於實驗階段的車輛，而本教材明確以當時最新銳的 M4A3 中型戰車 為特定講授核心。
此外，講義前言詳細闡述了「組員教練（Crew Drill）」與「一級保養（First Echelon Maintenance）」的核心準則與細部要求：
組員教練的核心目的： 在為部隊指揮官提供一份指南，使車輛檢查能「按部就班（By the Numbers）」執行。這要求最有效地利用所有組員的時間，同時徹底涵蓋所有需檢查的裝備，使組員能如團隊般正確運作。
職務輪換與事前準備： 規定組員職務必須進行輪換，以確保每位成員皆能精通一支訓練有素的戰車組員隊伍所需具備的各項技能。在進行教練前，組員必須先熟研戰車裝備，並牢記需精通下列事項：正確的操作、檢查時的方法與重點，以及維持車輛行駛所需的燃料與潤滑。並要求隨時參閱適用的車輛技術手冊（Technical Manual）。
一級保養的七大法定項目： 美軍規定一級保養必須嚴格包含以下內容：
📌 正確操作及察覺性能故障。
📌 防止車輛遭到不當使用與損壞。
📌 預防性保養檢查。
📌 勤務保養（檢查並補充燃料、機油、潤滑脂、水與水箱精，以及電瓶水；檢查並鎖緊螺帽與螺栓；清潔）。
📌 潤滑：定期更換與添加機油及潤滑脂。
📌 工具與裝備的維護。
📌 緊急故障維修。
檢查時機與任務協調： 戰車的檢查時機定為「隨時（ALWAYS）」——包含操作前、操作中、停車（暫停）時，以及操作後。在分配組員的檢查職責時，其任務目標是：以最迅速、最節省時間與動作的方式徹底檢查戰車。組員不能僅是宣稱「作為一個團隊運作」，他們更必須清楚知道自己負責檢查哪些部件、確切要尋找的故障跡象為何，以及他們負責的部分如何與其他組員協調配合。
在確立了上述嚴格的保養準則後，講義本文進一步針對 M4A3 的具體機械構造進行詳細解說，涵蓋以下重要單元：
基本諸元與性能： 詳列 M4A3 的重量（32美噸，約29公噸）、涉水深度（36英吋，約91.4公分）、越野行程與福特 GAA V-8 引擎配置。
車體與砲塔（Hull and Turret）： 介紹75公厘主砲、各型機槍、潛望鏡及通風系統的檢查與保養要領，並說明外部裝備（如工兵工具、滅火器）的正確配置。
懸吊與履帶系統（Suspension & Tracks）： 深入圖解轉向架懸吊總成（Bogie Suspension Unit）、履帶張力調整、拋履帶時的緊急處置步驟，以及如何辨識並更換橡膠損壞的「無彈性履帶塊（Dead Track Link）」。
動力單元保養（Engine Maintenance）： 針對福特水冷引擎的潤滑、冷卻系統的徹底洩水程序，以及引擎室的清潔規範進行指導，幫助組員熟悉複雜的動力機械。
3. 內容考證
特定車型與動力系統： 講義明確指出涵蓋車型為 M4A3。民國33年(1944)，搭載福特 GAA 500匹馬力鋁合金 V-8 引擎的 M4A3，因其優異的妥善率與動力表現，成為美國陸軍在歐洲戰場最青睞的薛曼戰車衍生型。
美軍後勤教範的具現化： 講義序言對「一級保養」的七大細項與「組員職務輪換」的詳盡規範，反映了二戰美國陸軍極度重視預防性保養與標準化作業流程（SOP），是同盟國最終能在消耗戰中勝出的關鍵。
機密性與時代背景： 講義內文特別註明「編纂自限制級數據，視為限制級（機密）資料」，顯示在民國33年(1944)戰況激烈之際，戰車的具體技術參數仍屬戰術機密。
4. 發行單位沿革
美國陸軍裝甲兵學校（The Armored School） 位於美國肯塔基州的諾克斯堡（Fort Knox）。民國30年代(1940年代)初期，為因應閃電戰威脅，美國陸軍在此成立裝甲兵訓練中心。
二戰期間，講義封面上的三角形徽章早已被美國裝甲兵部隊（Armored Force）廣泛作為專屬臂章配戴與精神圖騰使用。諾克斯堡作為裝甲兵大本營，負責起草戰術教範、測試新式戰車並培訓了大量的裝甲兵專業人員。該校戰車處（Tank Department）專責編寫這類技術講義，將原本生硬的技術手冊轉化為適合士兵快速吸收的實戰教材。戰後，這個經典的無番號三角形臂章，於民國43年(1954)10月21日經美國陸軍部正式法制化，核准專屬於「裝甲兵學校」配戴，並歷經數次更名，於民國53年(1964)12月3日正式定名為「美國陸軍裝甲兵學校」臂章。
5. 藏品價值
一線史料內容價值： 雖然本館藏為近代高品質之複製品，但其內容完整保留了民國33年(1944)二戰最前線戰車兵所學習的軍事知識與原廠數據，對於研究二戰美國陸軍裝甲兵教育史、M4薛曼戰車機械史具有極高的文獻考證價值。
展示與替代保存功能： 作為高品質複製品，本件文物具備優異的陳列價值。在博物館的環境中，它能作為原件的替代品進行靜態展示，使參觀者得以觀察當年的技術規範圖像與排版特徵，同時確保脆弱的歷史原稿免於因展出而受損。
歷史脈絡連結： 本講義與中華民國裝甲兵之發展史有直接且緊密的關聯。民國30年代(1940年代)間，中華民國裝甲兵曾多次派遣優秀官兵遠赴美國肯塔基州諾克斯堡（Fort Knox）的裝甲兵學校受訓。此類講義正是當年留美學員在受訓期間所使用的標準教材，見證了國軍早期裝甲部隊現代化過程中，在專業教育、保養邏輯與戰術思維上與美國陸軍系統接軌的歷史現場。
隊徽傳承意義： 中華民國裝甲兵現行所使用的隊徽（三角形，內含紅、藍、黃三色及履帶、火砲、閃電符號），其設計源頭即是直接沿襲自講義封面所示的美國裝甲兵部隊隊徽。這項視覺標誌的傳承，具體化地展現了中華民國裝甲兵現代化轉型之關鍵時期與美國陸軍深厚的歷史淵源，以及技術訓練之傳承脈絡。
軍事工程與修復參考： 對於現代的軍事歷史學家、模型玩家或戰車修復團隊而言，講義中關於履帶張力精確數值（1/32英吋，約0.8公釐間隙）與操作規範（16英吋，約40.6公分拖曳距離）的紀錄，依然是極為珍貴的工程參考文件。
MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATIONS.
PREFACE
The M4, M4A1, M4A2, M4A3, M4A4, M4A6, M4E6 are all tanks having the same general appearance and construction. The "M" denotes model; the "A" denotes alteration and "E" denotes experimental. There are other vehicles of the M4 series but they are in the experimental stage. The particular tank covered herein is the M4A3.
The tank crew is trained to inspect the tank according to a "Crew Drill"; in so doing it functions as a team. This drill is intended to provide the unit commander, with a guide whereby the inspection of vehicles may be performed "By the Numbers", utilizing the time of all members of the crew to best advantage and at the same time covering thoroughly all installations to be inspected. Crew duties are rotated so that all members become proficient in all duties requisite to a well drilled tank crew. Before crew drill is attempted, the installations of the tank must be studied, bearing in mind the mastering of: proper operation, how and what to look for when inspecting, the fuel and lubrication required to keep the vehicle rolling. Reference: The appropriate vehicle Technical Manual.
Regulations prescribe that First Echelon Maintenance shall consist of:
Proper operation and detecting faulty performance.
Prevention of abuse and failure of vehicles.
Preventive maintenance inspections.
Servicing (checking and replenishing fuel, oil, grease, water and antifreeze, and battery water; checking and tightening nuts and bolts; cleaning.)
Lubrication: Periodic changing and adding oil and grease.
Care of tools and equipment.
Emergency roadside repairs.
When is the tank inspected? ALWAYS:
Before operation.
During operation.
At the halt.
After operation.
When duties are allocated for crew inspection, it must be borne in mind that the mission is: to thoroughly inspect the tank in the most expeditious manner, with economy of time and motion. It is not enough to say that the crew functions as a team. They must know what units they are responsible for inspecting, exactly what they are looking for, and how their part of the inspection is coordinated with the other crew members.
中型戰車裝備
前言
M4、M4A1、M4A2、M4A3、M4A4、M4A6 與 M4E6 都是具有相同總體外觀與構造的戰車。「M」代表型號（Model）；「A」代表改裝（Alteration），而「E」代表實驗性（Experimental）。M4 系列還有其他車輛，但均處於實驗階段。本手冊特別涵蓋的戰車型號為 M4A3。
戰車組員受過依據「組員教練」來檢查戰車的訓練；如此一來便能發揮團隊作用。此教練旨在為部隊指揮官提供一份指南，藉由「按部就班」的方式執行車輛檢查，最有效地利用所有組員的時間，同時徹底涵蓋所有需要檢查的裝備。組員職務會進行輪換，使所有成員都能精通一支訓練有素的戰車組員隊伍所必須具備的各項職務。在進行組員教練之前，必須先學習戰車的各項裝備，並牢記需精通下列事項：正確的操作、檢查時的方法與重點，以及維持車輛行駛所需的燃料與潤滑。參考資料：適用的車輛技術手冊。
規定指出，第一線保養（一級保養）應包含：
正確操作及察覺性能故障。
防止車輛遭到不當使用與損壞。
預防性保養檢查。
勤務保養（檢查並補充燃料、機油、潤滑脂、水與水箱精，以及電瓶水；檢查並鎖緊螺帽與螺栓；清潔）。
潤滑：定期更換與添加機油及潤滑脂。
工具與裝備的維護。
緊急路邊維修。
戰車何時需要檢查？隨時：
操作前。
操作中。
操作後。
在分配組員的檢查職責時，必須牢記其任務是：以最迅速、節省時間與動作的方式，徹底檢查戰車。僅說組員作為一個團隊運作是不夠的。他們必須清楚知道自己負責檢查哪些部件、確切要尋找的重點為何，以及他們負責的檢查部分如何與其他組員協調配合。
MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATIONS
This booklet is primarily intended for the study of installations and the items checked by the crew during first echelon maintenance. It will be used by the student as a guide and reference when actually making a study of the vehicle itself and as a study reference. The order of presentation is not the order in which the crew inspection is made but the order of the study of the exterior of the tank and interior installations.
All material has been compiled from restricted data and this material is therefore considered as restricted material.
CHARACTERISTICS OF M4A3 MEDIUM TANK
The M4A3 medium tank is a full-track laying armored vehicle powered by a 500 horsepower Ford V-8, liquid cooled engine. It has a cast turret and a welded hull. The turret can be rotated through 360° by either a hydraulically operated power traversing mechanism or by hand.
The crew consists of a tank commander, gunner, and assistant gunner in the turret, driver and assistant driver in the driver's and bow gunner's compartments.
The armament consists of one 75-mm gun as the main weapon supplemented by a .30 Cal coaxially mounted machine gun. In the bow gunner's compartment is a .30 Cal ball mounted gun. Located on the turret hatch ring is a flexible mounted antiaircraft machine gun.
The student should learn the characteristics of this tank as general information. It is important that along with the study of all American tanks and those of our allies, a study of the vehicles used by the enemy be made. There are times in combat when the quick recognition of vehicles will avert firing on friendly vehicles and loss of time in getting a shot at the enemy.
In regard to the performance characteristics of this vehicle, as an example, the student should know that the fording ability is three feet of water; but more than that, he should know where that will come on the vehicle. A glance should suffice to tell if the vehicle is still well within its safe fording depth and not necessitate the measuring of exactly three feet to see if the vehicle is safe. This is again illustrated by the driver of an ordinary automobile. He cannot see where his wheels touch the ground yet he knows where they are. He cannot see the front of his right fender but he knows where it is. These items hold true for road space, ground clearance and other operating characteristics of the vehicle.
MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATIONS
DATA AND PERFORMANCE
Weight, equipped with crew and complete stowage ________ 32 tons
Maximum allowed speed __________________________ 28 mph
Maximum grade ascending ability ___________________ 30 deg
Number of miles without refueling
Cross country _______________________________ 85 miles
Highway ___________________________________ 155 miles
Fording depth __________________________________ 36 in
Maximum width ditch vehicle will cross ________________ 72 in
Maximum vertical obstacle vehicle will climb ____________ 24 in
Fuel, 80 Octane gasoline __________________________ 175 gals
Oil, engine crankcase _____________________________ 32 qts
Oil, transmission, differential, final drives ______________ 152 qts
Cooling system _________________________________ 56 qts
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS
Title | Figure No. | Page No. |
Air cleaners | 28B | 38 |
Ammunition stowage | 34 | 47 |
Battery compartment | 31 | 44 |
Battery switches | 19 | 29 |
Bogie suspension unit | 2 | 2 |
Breather, crankcase | 13 | 20 |
Compartment, BOG | 24 | 34 |
Compass, driver | 14B | 21 |
Compass, tank commander | 14A | 21 |
Controls, driver | 16 | 23 |
Controls, gunner's | 35 | 48 |
Controls, gunner's | 36 | 49 |
Cooling system filler cap | 10 | 17 |
Clutch pedal | 18 | 28 |
Engine, overhead | 8 | 14 |
Engine, rear | 7 | 12 |
Escape hatch | 23 | 33 |
Fan belt tension | 9 | 16 |
Fire extinguisher controls | 20 | 30 |
Fire extinguisher installation | 27 | 37 |
Fuel filter | 11 | 18 |
Fuel valves | 29 | 39 |
Generator, auxiliary | 32 | 45 |
Hull floor plan | 15 | 22 |
Hull and turret | 6A | 10 |
中型戰車裝備
本手冊主要用於學習戰車裝備，以及組員在一級保養期間需檢查的項目。學員在實際研究車輛本身時，將以此作為指南與參考，並作為學習參考資料。內容編排順序並非組員檢查的實際順序，而是針對戰車外部與內部裝備學習的邏輯順序。
所有資料均編纂自限制級（機密）數據，因此本資料被視為限制級（機密）資料。
M4A3 中型戰車 特性
M4A3 中型戰車為全履帶裝甲車輛，由一具 500 匹馬力的福特 V-8 水冷引擎提供動力。它具備鑄造砲塔與銲接車體。砲塔可透過液壓動力方向機或手動方式進行 360 度旋轉。
組員包含砲塔內的車長、射手與副射手（譯註：即裝填手），以及位於駕駛艙與航向機槍手艙內的駕駛與副駕駛。
武裝包含一門作為主武器的 75 公厘戰車砲，並輔以一挺 .30 口徑同軸機槍。在副駕駛（航向機槍手）艙內設有一挺 .30 口徑球型槍座機槍。砲塔艙口環上則裝有一挺活動式防空機槍。
學員應將此戰車的特性作為一般資訊來學習。重要的是，除了學習所有美國戰車及盟軍戰車外，也必須研究敵方使用的車輛。在戰鬥中，快速識別車輛有時能避免誤擊友軍，並減少向敵人開火時損失的時間。
關於這輛車的性能特性，舉例來說，學員應知道其涉水能力為 3 英呎深的水；但更重要的是，他應該知道水面會淹到車身的哪個部位。只要看一眼就應該足以判斷車輛是否仍在安全的涉水深度內，而不需要精確測量 3 英呎來確認車輛是否安全。這就像駕駛普通汽車的司機一樣：他雖然看不見輪胎接觸地面的確切位置，但他知道輪胎在哪裡；他雖然看不見右前葉子板的最前端，但他知道它在哪裡。這些道理同樣適用於車輛的道路空間感、底盤距地高及其他操作特性。
諸元與性能
重量，含組員及全車武裝滿載： 32 噸
最高容許速度： 28 英哩/時
最大爬坡能力： 30 度
不加油最大行程：
越野：85 英哩
公路：155 英哩
涉水深度： 36 英吋
越壕最大寬度： 72 英吋
攀登垂直障礙最大高度： 24 英吋
燃料，80 辛烷值汽油： 175 加侖
機油，引擎曲軸箱： 32 夸脫
機油，變速箱、差速器、最終傳動裝置： 152 夸脫
冷卻系統： 56 夸脫
插圖索引
標題 | 圖號 | 頁碼 |
空氣濾清器 (Air cleaners) | 28B | 38 |
彈藥儲放區 (Ammunition stowage) | 34 | 47 |
電瓶室 (Battery compartment) | 31 | 44 |
電瓶開關 (Battery switches) | 19 | 29 |
轉向架懸吊總成 (Bogie suspension unit) | 2 | 2 |
曲軸箱通氣管 (Breather, crankcase) | 13 | 20 |
航向機槍手艙 (Compartment, BOG*) | 24 | 34 |
駕駛羅盤 (Compass, driver) | 14B | 21 |
車長羅盤 (Compass, tank commander) | 14A | 21 |
駕駛操縱裝置 (Controls, driver) | 16 | 23 |
射手操縱裝置 (Controls, gunner's) | 35 | 48 |
射手操縱裝置 (Controls, gunner's) | 36 | 49 |
冷卻系統加水口蓋 (Cooling system filler cap) | 10 | 17 |
離合器踏板 (Clutch pedal) | 18 | 28 |
引擎，頂部 (Engine, overhead) | 8 | 14 |
引擎，後部 (Engine, rear) | 7 | 12 |
逃生艙口 (Escape hatch) | 23 | 33 |
風扇皮帶張力 (Fan belt tension) | 9 | 16 |
滅火器操作裝置 (Fire extinguisher controls) | 20 | 30 |
滅火器安裝位置 (Fire extinguisher installation) | 27 | 37 |
燃料濾清器 (Fuel filter) | 11 | 18 |
燃料閥門 (Fuel valves) | 29 | 39 |
輔助發電機 (Generator, auxiliary) | 32 | 45 |
車體底板平面圖 (Hull floor plan) | 15 | 22 |
車體與砲塔 (Hull and turret) | 6A | 10 |
Title | Figure No. | Page No. |
Idler and bracket | 3B | 4 |
Interphone control box | 30C | 42 |
Interphone equipment | 30B | 41 |
Instrument panel | 17 | 24 |
Oil filter | 12 | 19 |
Periscopes | 33A-B | 46 |
Pistol port | 28A | 38 |
Propeller shaft | 21 | 31 |
Radio | 30A | 40 |
Stabilizer units | 37 | 50 |
Stabilizer units | 38 | 51 |
Tank equipment | 39 | 55 |
Tank, front | 1 | VI |
Tank, rear | 6B | 10 |
Track tension | 3A | 4 |
Track fixtures and jack | 4 | 6 |
Track link, dead | 5B | 8 |
Track link, exploded | 5A | 8 |
Transmission | 22 | 32 |
Turret hatch | 25 | 35 |
Turret, interior | 26 | 36 |
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Page No. | |
Engine | 26 |
Generator, auxiliary | 52 |
Stabilizer | 53 |
Turret traverse | 52 |
標題 | 圖號 | 頁碼 |
惰輪與支架 (Idler and bracket) | 3B | 4 |
車內通話器控制盒 (Interphone control box) | 30C | 42 |
車內通話設備 (Interphone equipment) | 30B | 41 |
儀表板 (Instrument panel) | 17 | 24 |
機油濾清器 (Oil filter) | 12 | 19 |
潛望鏡 (Periscopes) | 33A-B | 46 |
手槍射擊孔 (Pistol port) | 28A | 38 |
傳動軸 (Propeller shaft) | 21 | 31 |
無線電 (Radio) | 30A | 40 |
穩定器單元 (Stabilizer units) | 37 | 50 |
穩定器單元 (Stabilizer units) | 38 | 51 |
戰車裝備 (Tank equipment) | 39 | 55 |
戰車，前部 (Tank, front) | 1 | VI |
戰車，後部 (Tank, rear) | 6B | 10 |
履帶張力 (Track tension) | 3A | 4 |
履帶固定裝具與千斤頂 (Track fixtures and jack) | 4 | 6 |
履帶塊，無彈性 (Track link, dead*) | 5B | 8 |
履帶塊，分解圖 (Track link, exploded) | 5A | 8 |
變速箱 (Transmission) | 22 | 32 |
砲塔艙口 (Turret hatch) | 25 | 35 |
砲塔，內部 (Turret, interior) | 26 | 36 |
操作說明
頁碼 | |
引擎 (Engine) | 26 |
輔助發電機 (Generator, auxiliary) | 52 |
穩定器 (Stabilizer) | 53 |
砲塔旋轉 (Turret traverse) | 52 |
HULL AND TURRET
DIRECT VISION DEVICES -- []
FRONT SLOPE PLATE ------- []
.30 CAL BOW MACHINE GUN -------------- []
FRONT MUDGUARD -------- []
DIFFERENTIAL HOUSING -- []
TOWING SHACKLE AND CABLE ----------- []
FINAL DRIVE HOUSING --- []
SIREN ------------------ []
HEADLIGHT -------------- []
LIFTNG EYE, HULL ------ [] (註：原文 LIFTNG 應為 LIFTING 之筆誤)
TRACK ----------------- []
SPROCKET -------------- []
BOGIE SUSPENSION UNIT-- []
SUPPORT ROLLER BRACKET --------------- []
SKID ------------------ []
IDLER ----------------- []
SPONSON --------------- []
TURRET ---------------- []
.30 CAL COAXIAL MACHINE GUN --------- []
DRIVER'S HATCH -------- []
PERISCOPES ------------ []
BOG HATCH ------------- []
75-MM GUN ------------- []
75-MM GUN ROTOR SHIELD []
SIGHT, FRONT TURRET --- []
.30 CAL AA MACHINE GUN []
MAINTENANCE
Inspect items listed to see that they are in good condition and secure. Look beneath the tank for any evidence of a fuel, oil, or water leak. Observe paint for rust or polished surfaces that may cause reflections, and check all vehicle markings to see that they are legible.
All hatches are inspected for ease of operation and that the catches securely lock the doors when in the open position. Rotate periscopes in mounts, checking for ease of rotation. Lubricate mounts and door hinges with engine oil as necessary.
Inspect serviceability of all brackets that protect lights and siren, and secure pioneer tools. Check for cracks in armor plate and distortion of hull floor. Check with a wrench; gear train and final drive mounting bolts. As necessary, paint pioneer tools, clean tow cable with wire brush and lubricate, replace broken handles and sharpen axe.
Every 250 miles of tank operation, inspect final drive oil level. At the halt, feel final drives in making overheating test.
Headlights are inspected in the service position and blackout driving light separately.
After inspecting the tank, place muzzle covers on all weapons and glare covers over headlights.
車體與砲塔
直視觀測窗
正面斜裝甲板
.30 口徑航向機槍
前擋泥板
差速器外殼
拖曳鉤環與鋼纜
最終傳動裝置外殼
警報器
頭燈 (前照燈)
車體吊環
履帶
主動輪
轉向架懸吊總成
頂支輪支架
導向滑板
惰輪
兩側突出部 (Sponson)
砲塔
.30 口徑同軸機槍
駕駛艙口
潛望鏡
航向機槍手艙口
75 公厘戰車砲
75 公厘戰車砲防盾
砲塔前部瞄準具
.30 口徑防空機槍
保養
檢查所列項目，確認其狀況良好且牢固。查看戰車底部是否有任何燃料、機油或水的洩漏跡象。觀察漆面是否有生鏽或可能引起反光的拋光表面，並檢查所有車輛標誌，確認其清晰可辨。
檢查所有艙口是否容易操作，且在開啟位置時，扣件能否牢固鎖住艙門。在安裝座上旋轉潛望鏡，檢查旋轉是否順暢。視需要使用機油潤滑安裝座與艙門鉸鏈。
檢查所有保護車燈與警報器的支架之妥善性，並固定隨車工兵工具 (Pioneer tools)。檢查裝甲板是否有裂縫，以及車體底板是否變形。使用扳手檢查：齒輪系與最終傳動裝置的安裝螺栓。視需要為隨車工兵工具上漆，使用鋼絲刷清潔拖車鋼纜並予以潤滑，更換破損的工具握柄，並磨利斧頭。
戰車每行駛 250 英哩，需檢查最終傳動裝置的機油油位。停車時，觸摸最終傳動裝置進行過熱測試。
頭燈的一般照明位置與燈火管制 (Blackout) 駕駛燈應分開進行檢查。
檢查完戰車後，為所有武器蓋上槍/砲口蓋，並為頭燈罩上防眩光罩。
BOGIE SUSPENSION UNIT
SUPPORT ROLLER ---------- []
BRACKET ----------------- []
LEVER RUBBING PLATE ----- []
BOGIE TIRE -------------- []
BOGIE WHEEL ------------- []
WHEEL ARM --------------- []
CAP --------------------- []
CAP SCREWS -------------- []
WHEEL GUDGEON ----------- []
LUBRICATING FITTING ---- []
WHEEL GUDGEON NUT ------ []
WHEEL ARM RUBBING PLATE- []
THRUST PLATE ----------- []
BOGIE GUDGEONS --------- []
SPRING SEAT ------------ []
ROCKING LEVER ---------- []
VOLUTE SPRINGS --------- []
BOGIE BRACKET ---------- []
SKID ------------------- []
DESCRIPTION The bogie suspension units support the weight of the tank and absorb part of the road shock by spring action. There are six units, each having two rubber-tired bogie wheels which ride on the track. A support roller mounted on a bracket bolted to each bogie bracket supports the upper part of the track. A skid also bolted to each bogie bracket assists in cleaning the inner part of the track and in the event of support roller failure, temporarily will support the track. The bogie bracket is bolted to the hull. Its removal, or any replacement of parts, is a function of second or higher echelon of maintenance.
MAINTENANCE Clean and inspect at every opportunity while in operation. Look for: debris cutting bogie tires, frozen support rollers, cracks in suspension bracket, weak or broken volute springs, broken spring seats or wheel arms, outer spacer of wheels turning (if turning, tighten wheel gudgeon nut), presence of lubrication fittings, security of bolts, nuts, cotter keys, locking wire, grease seals leaking excessively. Clean vehicle before making the "after operation inspection" and lubricating.
Lubricate with type of grease as directed by lubrication guide. None required on springs, spring seats, and wheel arms. Most points to be lubricated have two fittings, one a relief fitting and the other where grease is applied. Before lubricating, clean all fittings and grease gun, check the relief valves; wipe off excess grease after completing lubrication.
轉向架懸吊總成
頂支輪
支架
搖臂摩擦板
承載輪橡膠胎面
承載輪 (路輪)
輪臂
軸承蓋
蓋板螺絲
輪軸 (樞軸)
潤滑油嘴 (黃油嘴)
輪軸螺帽
輪臂摩擦板
止推板 (止推墊圈)
轉向架樞軸
彈簧座
搖臂
蝸殼彈簧 (Volute springs)
轉向架支架
導向滑板
裝備說明 轉向架懸吊總成負責支撐戰車重量，並藉由彈簧作用吸收部分路面衝擊。全車共有六個總成，每個總成具有兩個在履帶上滾動的橡膠胎面承載輪。頂支輪安裝於以螺栓固定在各轉向架支架的支架上，負責支撐履帶的上半部。同樣以螺栓固定於各轉向架支架上的導向滑板，有助於清潔履帶內部；當頂支輪發生故障時，滑板也可暫時支撐履帶。轉向架支架以螺栓固定於車體上。拆卸該支架或更換其任何零件，屬於二級（含）以上保養之權責。
保養 在操作期間，應把握每次機會進行清潔與檢查。檢查重點：碎屑是否割傷承載輪胎面、頂支輪是否卡死、懸吊支架是否有裂痕、蝸殼彈簧是否金屬疲勞或斷裂、彈簧座或輪臂是否斷裂、車輪外側墊塊是否跟著轉動（若有轉動現象，請鎖緊輪軸螺帽）、潤滑油嘴是否完好存在，以及螺栓、螺帽、開口銷 (Cotter keys)、保險絲 (Locking wire) 的穩固性，還有油封是否過度漏油。在進行「操作後檢查」與潤滑之前，請先清潔車輛。
請依照潤滑指南指示的潤滑脂 (黃油) 類型進行潤滑。彈簧、彈簧座與輪臂不需要潤滑。大多數需要潤滑的部位都有兩個接頭，一個是洩壓接頭，另一個則是注入潤滑脂的接頭。在潤滑之前，請清潔所有接頭與黃油槍，並檢查洩壓閥；完成潤滑作業後，請將多餘的潤滑脂擦拭乾淨。
TRACK ADJUSTMENT CHECKING TRACK TENSION
STRAIGHT EDGE ----------- []
TRACK SAG ½" TO ¾" ------ []
2ND SUPPORT ROLLER ------ []
3RD SUPPORT ROLLER ------ []
IDLER, SHAFT, AND BRACKET
SPRING CLIP ------------- []
BRACKET ----------------- []
LOCKING COLLAR ---------- []
HEXAGON SPINDLE END ----- []
SPINDLE SERRATIONS ------ []
TRACK ADJUSTING WRENCH -- []
SCREW, SPREADER --------- []
LOCKING BOLTS ----------- []
DESCRIPTION The tracks are driven by sprockets on the front of the vehicle and perform three functions: traction, floatation, and spanning ability. Two idlers are mounted on eccentric shafts at the rear end of the vehicle. These shafts are made eccentric to provide for the adjustment of track tension.
MAINTENANCE The track should be checked daily for correct tension. If a pronounced sag is present, tension should be restored to eliminate the possibility of the track being damaged or thrown. Track tension that is too tight will cause undue wear and strain on the track, idler, and sprocket, as well as loss of power. Check the sprocket for sprung or worn teeth; check the cap screws and hub nuts for tightness. Look for evidence of rollers not turning; free all rollers by removing mud, rocks; check grease fittings (it is essential that all rollers turn freely as inoperative rollers develop "flats"); check idler cap and grease fittings. The idler is checked for bent or cracked idler bracket; bent, cracked or unduly worn idler wheel; tightness of bracket mounting bolts; locking bolts, spreader screw, spring clip and screw.
STEPS IN ADJUSTING TRACK TENSION
BACK OUT LOCKING BOLTS ---------- []
TURN SPREADER SCREW ------------- []
REMOVE SPRING CLIP -------------- []
TAP LOCKING COLLAR OFF SERRATIONS []
TURN HEXAGONAL END OF IDLER SHAFT []
REPLACE COLLAR AND SPRING ------- []
BACK OUT SPREADER SCREW --------- []
TIGHTEN LOCKING BOLTS ----------- []
(圖示：圖 3a，量測履帶下垂度) (圖示：圖 3b，惰輪調整機構)
履帶調整 檢查履帶張力
直尺 (基準直邊)
履帶下垂度 ½ 至 ¾ 英吋
第 2 頂支輪
第 3 頂支輪
惰輪、輪軸與支架
彈簧夾
支架
鎖定環
六角軸端
輪軸鋸齒
履帶調整扳手
撐開螺絲 (Spreader screw)
鎖定螺栓
裝備說明 履帶由車輛前方的主動輪 (Sprockets) 驅動，並具備三項功能：牽引力、防陷能力 (Floatation，即降低接地壓) 以及跨越能力。兩個惰輪安裝於車輛後端的偏心軸上。這些輪軸採偏心設計，以便提供履帶張力的調整。
保養 應每日檢查履帶以維持正確張力。若出現明顯的下垂，應恢復其張力，以消除履帶受損或脫落 (拋履帶) 的可能性。履帶張力過緊會對履帶、惰輪與主動輪造成不必要的磨損與應力，並導致動力流失。檢查主動輪齒是否有變形或磨損；檢查蓋板螺絲與輪轂螺帽是否鎖緊。查看是否有滾輪無法轉動的跡象；清除泥土與石塊以使所有滾輪轉動順暢；檢查潤滑油嘴（所有滾輪必須能自由轉動，此點至關重要，因為卡死無法運作的滾輪會被磨出「平坦面」）；檢查惰輪蓋板與潤滑油嘴。檢查惰輪支架是否彎曲或破裂；惰輪是否彎曲、破裂或過度磨損；以及支架安裝螺栓、鎖定螺栓、撐開螺絲、彈簧夾與螺絲是否確實鎖緊。
調整履帶張力步驟
鬆開鎖定螺栓
轉動撐開螺絲
卸下彈簧夾
敲下鎖定環使其脫離鋸齒
轉動惰輪軸的六角端
裝回鎖定環與彈簧夾
鬆開 (退回) 撐開螺絲
鎖緊鎖定螺栓
CONNECTION OF TRACK
IDLER ------------------- []
TRACK PINS -------------- []
JACK HANDLE ------------- []
SIMPLEX JACK ------------ []
TRACK FIXTURES ---------- []
REPLACING THROWN TRACK Because conditions under which a track may be thrown vary greatly, no definite procedure can be set down as the best possible method for its replacement. The following procedure can be used under the worst conditions, and can be modified for different situations.
Break the track underneath either the idler or the sprocket, depending on which end of the track has the least twist.
Tow the vehicle completely off the track.
Roll up track and move it to the front or to the rear of the vehicle depending on which end has the best ground for towing the vehicle back on the track.
Lay the track out with the end at the nearest bogie, with several of the end links sunk in a trench dug deep enough that the bogie can roll onto the track without having to climb onto it.
Tow the vehicle onto the track until the leading bogie wheel is about 16 inches from the end of the track.
Roll the track up over the idler and support rollers and around the sprocket, using a bar to turn the sprocket.
Connect the track, and adjust to proper tension.
NOTE: Often the track may be thrown in such a manner that proper manipulation of the vehicle, the use of blocks and pry bars, make it possible to work the track back on without breaking it.
INSTALLING NEW TRACK To install a new track when the old track is still on the tank:
Break the old track under the sprocket and roll the track back off the sprocket and support rollers, using a bar to turn the sprocket.
Lay out the new track in front of the old one and connect the two.
Tow the vehicle onto the new track until the front bogie wheel is about 16 inches from the end of the track.
Disconnect the old track and roll the new one up over the idlers, the track support rollers, and around the sprocket; connect the ends, and adjust to proper tension.
履帶結合
惰輪
履帶銷
千斤頂操作桿
Simplex 棘輪千斤頂
履帶固定裝具 (緊帶夾)
復裝脫落履帶 (處理拋履帶) 由於履帶脫落 (拋履帶) 的狀況差異極大，因此無法制定一套絕對的最佳標準程序來復原。以下程序適用於最惡劣的狀況，並可依不同情況進行彈性修改。
根據履帶哪一端的扭曲程度較小，在惰輪或主動輪下方將履帶拆解 (打斷)。
將車輛完全拖離該履帶。
捲起履帶並移至車輛前方或後方，取決於哪一端的地形較適合將車輛拖回履帶上。
將履帶平鋪，一端對齊最靠近的轉向架，並將末端幾個履帶塊埋入預先挖好的溝槽中，溝槽深度需足以讓轉向架直接滾上履帶，而無需「爬」上去。
將車輛拖上履帶，直到前方的承載輪距離履帶末端約 16 英吋。
將履帶向上拉過惰輪與頂支輪並繞過主動輪，同時使用撬槓轉動主動輪以利牽引。
結合履帶，並調整至適當張力。
備註：通常在履帶脫落時，只要正確操控車輛，並配合使用墊木與撬槓，就有可能在不拆解履帶的情況下將其復位。
安裝新履帶 當舊履帶仍在戰車上時，安裝新履帶的步驟：
在主動輪下方拆解舊履帶，並使用撬槓轉動主動輪，將舊履帶從主動輪及頂支輪上退下。
將新履帶平鋪於舊履帶前方，並將兩者相結合。
將車輛拖上新履帶，直到前方的承載輪距離履帶末端約 16 英吋。
解開舊履帶，將新履帶向上拉過惰輪、頂支輪並繞過主動輪；結合兩端，並調整至適當張力。
MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATIONS
TRACK CONSTRUCTION
TRACK LINK -------------- []
TRACK PINS -------------- []
BRONZE SPRING ----------- []
RUBBER BUSHINGS --------- []
CONNECTORS -------------- []
WEDGE NUT --------------- []
WEDGE ------------------- []
DEAD TRACK LINK --------- []
1/32 INCH CLEARANCE "BOTTOMED" IF LESS ---- []
DESCRIPTION An exploded view of the track link is shown to facilitate an understanding of its construction. Its assembly is self explanatory. A dead track link is one in which the rubber bushings between the pin and the metal frame of the link has failed, leaving the pin free to turn. Dead links, in order to be detected, must be in the top part of the track which requires moving the tank to make a thorough inspection.
MAINTENANCE It is essential that proper care be given track links. They must be replaced when further wearing away of the tread would expose the tubular sections of the inner steel link to the risk of being dented or deformed. Damaged links must be replaced immediately. Undamaged shoes, whose tread rubber has worn thinner than the rubber on the inner side, may be reversed.
To equalize the driving wear on the track connectors and thus lengthen the operating life of the track, the entire track can be turned end for end, shifting the driving wear to the other contact surfaces of the connectors.
Check end connectors for wear and bent or broken guide lugs. Inspect all wedges and nuts for presence and tightness. Check for bottomed wedges; if clearance between wedge and connector is less than 1/32 inch, install new wedge. If grousers are being used, inspect their condition and tightness. Inspect for dead track links and replace them. During the inspection, the inside wedges and connectors should also be inspected.
The best preventive maintenance of all is to keep the entire track and suspension system as clean as possible; free from stones, sticks, and other debris.
履帶構造
履帶塊
履帶銷
青銅彈簧
橡膠襯套
端接器 (Connectors)
楔形螺帽
楔形塊
無彈性履帶塊 (死履帶 / Dead track link)
1/32 英吋間隙（若小於此值即為「觸底」）
裝備說明 圖中顯示了履帶塊的分解圖，以利了解其構造。其組裝方式一目了然。「無彈性履帶塊 (死履帶)」是指履帶銷與履帶塊金屬框架之間的橡膠襯套已失效損壞，導致履帶銷可自由轉動。為了能察覺無彈性履帶塊，它們必須位於履帶的上半部，這需要移動戰車才能進行徹底的檢查。
保養 必須妥善保養履帶塊，這點至關重要。當胎面橡膠進一步磨損，會導致內部鋼質履帶塊的管狀部分暴露於凹陷或變形的風險時，就必須予以更換。損壞的履帶塊必須立即更換。未損壞的履帶板 (shoes)，若其胎面橡膠磨損得比內側橡膠更薄，則可以反轉使用。
為了使履帶端接器上的驅動磨損均勻，從而延長履帶的使用壽命，可以將整條履帶頭尾對調 (turned end for end)，將驅動磨損轉移到端接器的其他接觸面上。
檢查端接器是否磨損，以及導向齒 (Guide lugs) 是否彎曲或斷裂。檢查所有楔形塊與螺帽是否存在且鎖緊。檢查楔形塊是否「觸底」；若楔形塊與端接器之間的間隙小於 1/32 英吋，請安裝新的楔形塊。若有使用爬山齒 (Grousers)，請檢查其狀況與緊固程度。檢查是否有無彈性履帶塊並予以更換。在檢查期間，也應一併檢查內側的楔形塊與端接器。
所有預防性保養中最好的一項，就是盡可能保持整個履帶與懸吊系統的清潔；清除石頭、樹枝與其他碎屑。
MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATIONS
HULL AND TURRET
VENTILATOR -------------- []
SPOTLIGHT MOUNT --------- []
ANTENNA ----------------- []
LOADER'S PERISCOPE MOUNT ----------------- []
PISTOL PORT ------------- []
ANTENNA BASE ------------ []
TURRET BULGE ------------ []
FIRE EXTINGUISHER CONTROLS ------------- []
FUEL TANK CAP, AUX GENERATOR ---------- []
BULLET SPLASH PLATE ---- []
FUEL TANK CAP PIN ------ []
TOW CABLE -------------- []
LIFTING EYE, HULL ------ []
TOP ENGINE COMPARTMENT DOORS -------- []
ENGINE COOLANT FILLER CAP ---------------- []
FUEL FILLER CAPS ------- []
TARPAULIN -------------- []
TURRET ----------------- []
ANTENNA BASE MOUNT ----- []
TURRET HATCH ----------- []
LIFTING EYE, TURRET ---- []
VENTILATOR ------------- []
PIONEER TOOLS ---------- []
AA MACHINE GUN BRACKET --------------- []
STOP, TAIL, AND BO LIGHTS ---------------- []
TRACK ADJUSTING WRENCH --------------- []
BUSTLE ----------------- []
AIR DEFLECTOR ---------- []
TOWING SHACKLE --------- []
EXHAUST MANIFOLD ------- []
REAR ENGINE COMPARTMENT DOORS -------- []
MUD GUARD -------------- []
IDLER BRACKET ---------- []
SPONSON ---------------- []
DESCRIPTION The external fire extinguisher controls provide a second means of discharging the fixed fire extinguishers. The five armored covers for the fuel tanks are shown. When refueling the tanks, it is necessary to add fuel at all of these points as they are all to individual tanks. Precautions to observe in refueling are: shut off the engine, portable fire extinguisher out on rear deck, ground fuel nozzle to hull before permitting fuel to flow, allow two inches of air space in the filler neck, check fuel tank cap for clogged air vent.
MAINTENANCE Inspect to see that all parts are secure and that hinges and other moving parts are lubricated. Remove debris from turret race, from under turret hatch ring, from behind gun shield, and from ventilating and engine air intake louvres. The outside stowage of pioneer tools, track tools, tarpaulin, tow cable, should be checked for security and to see that they do not interfere with the rotation of the turret or cover the ventilating louvres. The tail lights are checked for condition of lenses and wiring, and proper operation.
車體與砲塔
通風扇 (通風口)
探照燈座
天線
裝填手潛望鏡座
手槍射擊孔
天線底座
砲塔突出部 (砲塔尾部鼓包)
滅火器操作裝置 (外部)
輔助發電機燃料箱蓋
擋彈板 (防彈板)
燃料箱蓋銷
拖車鋼纜
車體吊環
引擎室頂部艙門
引擎冷卻液加水口蓋
燃料加油口蓋
帆布 (防水布)
砲塔
天線底座安裝座
砲塔艙口
砲塔吊環
通風扇
隨車工兵工具 (Pioneer tools)
防空機槍支架
煞車燈、尾燈與防空燈 (BO Lights / 燈火管制燈)
履帶調整扳手
砲塔尾艙 (Bustle)
導流板 (排氣導流板)
拖曳鉤環
排氣歧管
引擎室後艙門
擋泥板
惰輪支架
兩側突出部 (Sponson)
裝備說明 外部滅火器操作裝置提供了釋放固定式滅火器的第二種方法。 圖中顯示了燃料箱的五個裝甲蓋板。在為戰車加油時，必須在所有這些加注點添加燃料，因為它們分別通往獨立的燃料箱。加油時應遵守的預防措施包括：關閉引擎；將手提式滅火器放置於後車體頂板備用；在允許燃料流出前，先將加油槍搭鐵 (接地) 至車體防靜電；在加油頸處保留兩英吋的空氣間隙；檢查燃料箱蓋的通氣孔是否堵塞。
保養 檢查確認所有零件是否牢固，以及鉸鏈和其他活動零件是否已潤滑。清除砲塔座圈 (Turret race)、砲塔艙口環下方、火砲防盾後方，以及通風扇與引擎進氣百葉窗 (Louvres) 上的碎屑。應檢查外部存放的隨車工兵工具、履帶工具、帆布與拖車鋼纜是否固定妥當，並確認它們不會妨礙砲塔旋轉或遮擋通風百葉窗。 檢查尾燈的燈罩 (透鏡) 與線路狀況，以及是否運作正常。
MEDIUM TANK INSTALLATIONS
FORD ENGINE — MODEL GAA
REAR CARBURETOR --------- []
EXHAUST MANIFOLD -------- []
LEFT MAGNETO ------------ []
OIL LEVEL BAYONET GAUGE - []
CRANKCASE DRAIN PLUG ---- []
OIL PUMP ---------------- []
COOLANT SYSTEM DRAIN PLUG []
WATER PUMP -------------- []
ACCESSORY GEAR COVER ---- []
CRANKCASE BREATHER ----- []
COOLANT MANIFOLD ------- []
GOVERNOR --------------- []
CAMSHAFT COVER --------- []
IGNITION CONDUIT ------- []
RIGHT MAGNETO ---------- []
ENGINE MOUNT ----------- []
OIL FILLER TUBE AND CAP - []
STARTER MOUNTING PAD --- []
OIL FILTER ------------- []
DESCRIPTION This is to portray the engine as it appears from the rear engine doors. Hence the units or places which are the most important in inspecting and servicing are readily accessible to the crew.
MAINTENANCE The engine, having a four-point rubber mounted suspension, undergoes vibration; accessories will shake loose and conduits will fray and dent. Gaskets deteriorate and leaks follow. The engine is maintained in a clean state to facilitate inspection. Cleanliness is the key to a proper inspection; it requires no extensive mechanical training to keep connections clean, tight, and right.
Note that there are separate places that concern the crankcase oil: a place to check, fill, and drain. Some of the flexible coolant tubes are not shown. It is imperative that the cooling system be drained properly. One drain plug is shown on the water pump, but to drain the engine one additional plug is located on both the left and right blocks. To drain the cooling system it is necessary to drain at all three places.
INSPECTION AND LUBRICATION General condition and cleanliness of engine and engine compartment: leaking of oil, fuel, and water; loose accessories and connections. Check engine oil before operation, at the halt, and after operation. The crew is responsible for knowing the correct grade and type of lubricant. Other items inspected on the engine are explained in detail on future pages.
福特引擎 — GAA 型
後化油器
排氣歧管
左磁電機
機油量尺 (機油尺)
曲軸箱洩油塞 (洩油螺絲)
機油泵 (機油幫浦)
冷卻系統洩水塞
水泵 (水幫浦)
附件齒輪蓋
曲軸箱通氣管 (呼吸管)
冷卻液歧管 (水箱精管)
調速器
凸輪軸蓋 (汽門室蓋)
點火導線管 (高壓線管)
右磁電機
引擎安裝座 (引擎腳)
機油加注管與蓋
啟動馬達安裝座
機油濾清器 (機油芯)
裝備說明 這張圖描繪了從引擎室後艙門看進去時的引擎外觀。因此，在檢查與勤務保養上最重要的部件或位置，組員都能輕易觸及。
保養 該引擎採用四點式橡膠避震安裝（引擎腳），會承受震動；附屬裝置可能會因震動而鬆脫，導線管也可能磨損與凹陷。墊片 (Gaskets) 老化後便會發生洩漏。引擎必須保持清潔以利檢查。清潔是正確實施檢查的關鍵；保持管線接頭清潔、緊固且安裝正確，並不需要高深的機械訓練。
請注意，與曲軸箱機油相關的位置是分開的：分別有檢查、加注與洩漏的位置。圖中並未顯示部分軟性冷卻水管。必須正確排空冷卻系統，這點至關重要。圖中顯示水泵上有一個洩水塞，但若要排空引擎冷卻液，在左、右側氣缸體 (Blocks) 上各還有一個額外的洩水塞。要徹底排空冷卻系統，必須在這三個位置進行洩水。
檢查與潤滑 引擎與引擎室的一般狀況與清潔度：機油、燃料與水的洩漏；鬆動的附屬裝置與接頭。在操作前、停車（暫停）時以及操作後，均需檢查引擎機油。組員有責任了解正確的潤滑劑等級與類型。引擎上其他需要檢查的項目，將在後續頁面詳細說明。
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